7,705 research outputs found
The analysis and evaluation of the relation between road transportation and climate change
The target of this article is to analyse and evaluate the relation between
road transportation and climate change, through the long time series of
average CO2 concentration in the atmosphere and global average
temperature of Earth. This article is built on data from the age
% of which has information
before the human impact on Earth. It can be clearly seen from
the research that the human impact on air quality has different tendency
than it had before. The trend of time-series was nearly independent from
time: it was constant. It can be identified from the data that the increase of
temperature was usually faster than the decrease in decreasing periods. There is a strong
correlation between the average CO2 concentration in air and the average
temperature of the Earth. The CO2 emitted into the environment increases
the global temperature of the Earth. A huge part of the CO2 emitted by mankind
into the atmosphere comes from transportation, mainly from the sector of
road transportation
Twin-Photon Confocal Microscopy
A recently introduced two-channel confocal microscope with correlated
detection promises up to 50% improvement in transverse spatial resolution
[Simon, Sergienko, Optics Express {\bf 18}, 9765 (2010)] via the use of photon
correlations. Here we achieve similar results in a different manner,
introducing a triple-confocal correlated microscope which exploits the
correlations present in optical parametric amplifiers. It is based on tight
focusing of pump radiation onto a thin sample positioned in front of a
nonlinear crystal, followed by coincidence detection of signal and idler
photons, each focused onto a pinhole. This approach offers further resolution
enhancement in confocal microscopy
Environmental impact of biofuel blends - theoretical estimation
It is a well known fact that climate change is one of the most urging problems
nowadays. There is evidence that most of the observed global warming is attributable to
human activities. Among the many human activities transportation plays a considerable role
in contributing to CO2 emissions. In the future transportation is projected to grow further on
and since other energy consuming sectors are unable to compensate for transportation related
emissions, therefore the transportation sector has to contribute to emissions abatement. Using
environment friendly energy resources is the only way to reduce environmental load without
restricting mobility. One way to decrease CO2 emissions of the transportation sector is the
application of biofuels. The aim of this paper is the theoretical estimation of the
environmental impact of ethanolâgasoline and diesel oilâethanolâbiodiesel blends
respectively
Estimation method for emission of road transport
The sustainable development is a development, where the pace of technical
development, the satiation of increasing supply and the raw materials and
resources of Earth are poised so that the rate of living and opportunities
of the next generations must not to be worse. Transportation cannot be
replaced because it is part of the production chain. Societies are
horizontally and vertically differential. The manpower, the stock, the semi
finished and finished products must be transported. One of the most
emphasized goals of the transport policy of the European Union is
sustainable mobility. For this reason transportation systems must be
developed and standardized, the effectiveness of transportation service must
be increased, while the environmental pollution must be decreased or
prevented. There are no harmonized guidelines for project assessment and
transport costing at EU level yet. A critical issue when comparing appraisal
practices across countries is to make sure the same definitions are being
used. Theoretically, all benefits and costs should be accounted for in the
cost-benefit analysis. In practice though, many effects are left out
Intra-industry agri-food trade of the Baltic Countries
The article analyses patterns and country-specific determinants of the Baltic Countries agri-food trade with the European Union. Literature focusing on the country-specific determinants of vertical and horizontal intra-industry trade is rather limited and those analysing agricultural (or agri-food) trade are extremely rare. Therefore, the paper seeks to contribute to the literature by covering latest theory and data available on the topic to provide up to date results and suggestions. Moreover, it seeks to identify the determinants of horizontal and vertical intra-industry trade of the Baltic Countries after EU accession. Results suggest that agri-food trade of these countries is mainly inter-industry in nature but intra-industry trade is dominated by vertical elements. Results verify that determinants of horizontal and vertical IIT differ and suggest that economic size is positively, while factor endowments and distance are negatively related to both sides of IIT. However, the relationship between IIT and FDI is ambiguous
Food SMEsâ innovation profile â the Hungarian case
The small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Hungarian agri-food sector play determining role. The innovation capacity (efforts, activities and results) however of the individual SMEs is very limited. Food production (including SMEs) has to fulfil food safety requirements in a rapidly increasing extent, which implies a continuous innovation and development process from all market players. In Hungary the agri-food sector had to face a suddenly increased competition especially after the EU enlargement. Based on survey data this paper examines the efforts, activities and results in knowledge acquisition, utilisation, coordination and transfer in the Central Hungarian food SMEs. We have found (using ordered logistic regression) that R&D expenditures, achieved innovations, export/import orientation as well as the networking activity of the SMEs play significant role in market development
Innovation across the food chain â the Hungarian case
The small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Hungarian agri-food sector play determining role. The innovation capacity (efforts, activities and results) however of the individual SMEs is very limited. Food production (including SMEs) has to fulfil food safety requirements in a rapidly increasing extent, which implies a continuous innovation and development process from all market players. In Hungary the agri-food chain had to face a suddenly increased competition especially after the EU enlargement. Based on survey data this paper examines the efforts, activities and results in knowledge acquisition, utilisation, coordination and transfer in the Central Hungarian food SMEs. We have found (using ordered logistic regression) that R&D expenditures, achieved innovations, export/import orientation as well as the networking activity of the SMEs play significant role in market development
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